What is Mouth Cancer - Symptoms at Early Stage, Causes, Types & Treatment

Mouth cancer is one of those serious medical conditions that people are aware of yet often turn a blind eye to, until they suffer from it. In a world where people are choosing taste over their health, habits like chewing tobacco and or gutka are quite prevalent, especially among youth. 

Did you know that despite the government imposing a heavy 28% tax on tobacco products and cigarettes, putting them in the highest tax bracket, consumption continues at a disturbing pace. It’s high time to understand the risks and realities of mouth cancer. 

What is Mouth Cancer?

Mouth cancer, also known as oral cancer, refers to the uncontrollable growth of cancerous cells in any part of the mouth. This includes your lips, tongue, gums, the lining of your cheeks and mouth, and the roof and floor of the mouth. It is extremely important to treat mouth cancer timely; if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the head and neck, worsening your condition. 

Different Types of Mouth Cancer

There are different types of mouth cancer, depending on the type of cancerous cells. Let’s take a look at some of them: 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This form of mouth cancer is the most prevalent, responsible for more than 90% of all cases. It originates in the squamous cells, thin, flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. 

Verrucous Carcinoma

This is a slow-growing type of squamous cell cancer that usually looks like a white, wart-like lump. It doesn’t usually spread to other parts of the body as easily as other types.

Minor Salivary Gland Cancers

There are several different types of salivary gland cancers. These cancers start in the small salivary glands found in different parts of your mouth and throat.

Sarcoma

This is a very rare type of cancer. It can occur in the soft tissues of your mouth, such as muscles or blood vessels. 

Early Stage Mouth Cancer Symptoms

Early detection is a game-changer when it comes to cancer. Knowing the mouth cancer symptoms and being vigilant can make a huge difference. It helps you seek treatment promptly and improve your overall health. Here are some of the early signs of mouth cancer: 

Persistent Sore or Ulcer

These sores and ulcers are different from your usual ones, which usually go away weekly. These are persistent sores or ulcers that won’t just heal on their own. These might last for several weeks. They can be both painful and painless. 

White or Red Patches

Mouth cancer starting stage also includes white (leukoplakia) or red (erythroplakia) patches inside your mouth or on your lips. These can be precancerous and definitely warrant a check-up.

Unusual Bleeding

Early-stage mouth cancer symptoms also include any unexplained bleeding from your mouth or gums. One thing to look out for here is that this isn't related to your regular brushing or flossing.

Lump or Thickening

Feeling a lump, thickening, or a rough spot inside your mouth or on your neck? Don't ignore it. It could be one of the early symptoms of mouth cancer and requires immediate medical attention. 

Pain or Difficulty Swallowing

At times, you may also experience persistent pain when swallowing food or a feeling that something is caught in your throat, making you feel choked. This isn't normal and needs medical attention. 

What are the Causes of Mouth Cancer?

Having a basic understanding of the causes of mouth cancer can help you take preventive measures accordingly. Here are some of the causes that act as a fuel to the already existing problem: 

Tobacco

This is one of the biggest causes. Using cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and chewing tobacco deteriorates your oral health and elevates your risk of developing mouth cancer. 

Excessive Alcohol Consumption

If you are fond of alcohol, you must know that it not only affects your lungs but can also lead to mouth cancer. The risk is even higher when combined with tobacco use. 

Poor Oral Hygiene

While not a direct cause, chronic disease & irritation from dentures or broken teeth can contribute to long-term cellular changes. This is why maintaining oral hygiene is important, as we have been taught since childhood. 

Sun Exposure

Prolonged exposure to the sun, especially to the lips without protection, can increase the risk of lip cancer, a type of mouth cancer.

Treatment for Mouth Cancer

The good news is that mouth cancer treatment has come a long way with technological advancements, and the chances of successful treatment are higher when the cancer is detected early. Common mouth cancer treatment options include:

Surgery

This is the primary treatment in many cases. Surgery involves removing the cancerous tumor and surrounding tissue. In some cases, it may also be needed to remove lymph nodes in the neck.

Radiation Therapy

This type of therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancerous cells. Depending on your situation, it can be used alone or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy

The doctor uses drugs to kill cancer cells throughout your body. It's often used for more advanced cancers or in combination with other treatments.

Targeted Therapy

These drugs target specific proteins or pathways that cancer cells use to grow and survive. 

Ways to Prevent Mouth Cancer

Making lifestyle choices that reduce your risk to some extent. Here are some of the common ways to prevent mouth cancer: 

• Quit tobacco
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Eat a healthy diet
• Use lip balm with SPF
• Maintain oral hygiene

Wrapping Up

Being aware of the potential risks associated with habits like tobacco use and understanding the early symptoms of mouth cancer can help you take proactive steps. If you are still wondering, is mouth cancer curable? The answer is yes, it is, especially when detected early. 

However, you should add that additional supportive health insurance plan. From diagnosis to surgery, radiology supports your healthcare journey and post-treatment rehabilitation. Costs can add up quickly, and a health insurance plan helps you cover such medical expenses, mitigating your financial pressure. 

At Niva Bupa, we’re committed to supporting you through every stage of treatment. With access to over 10,400 network hospitals across India, we offer cashless hospitalization, round-the-clock customer support, and a helping hand when you need it most.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Can mouth cancer come back after treatment?

   Yes, like many cancers, mouth cancer can recur even after successful treatment. That’s why regular follow-up visits and screenings are essential to monitor your health and catch any signs of recurrence early.

    

2. How long does treatment for mouth cancer usually take?

   The duration of mouth cancer treatment varies depending on the stage and type of cancer. Some treatments, like surgery, may require only a few weeks of recovery, while others, such as combined chemo and radiation, may last several months.

    

3. Is mouth cancer contagious?

   No, mouth cancer is not contagious. You cannot catch it from someone by sharing utensils or making close contact. However, the HPV virus, which can cause oral cancer, can be transmitted sexually.

    

4. How is mouth cancer diagnosed?

   Diagnosis typically includes a physical exam, biopsy, and imaging, such as an MRI, CT scan, or PET scan.