Know the Harmful Effects of Alcohol on the Body

Although you may not immediately see the effects of alcohol on your body, they begin the moment you take your first drink.

If you drink, you've probably experienced the effects of alcohol on body, from the warm rush that comes on swiftly to the not-so-pleasant wine headache or the morning hangover. Because the side effects are short-lived, you may not be concerned, especially if you don't drink frequently. Many people believe that a pint or bottle of champagne at mealtimes or on special occasions is harmless. However, any amount of alcohol consumed has the potential to cause negative health effects. Alcohol affects the brain, heart, and liver majorly.

The harmful effects of alcohol on body are as follows, however, there are very few things that a healthy diet and daily exercise can’t combat.

1. Brain

Harmful effects of alcohol disrupts chemical signals between brain cells (called neurons), causing impulsive behaviour, slurred speech, poor memory, and sluggish reflexes, among other symptoms of intoxication. The brain adapts to the blocked signals by responding more dramatically to particular brain chemicals if heavy drinking continues for a long time (called neurotransmitters). When alcohol is no longer present in the body, the brain continues to disperse neurotransmitters, resulting in painful and sometimes hazardous withdrawal symptoms that can destroy brain cells. The effects of alcohol on the brain might manifest themselves in a variety of ways. The first is neurotoxicity, which occurs when neurons respond excessively to neurotransmitters over an extended period of time. Overexposure to a neurotransmitter can eventually lead neurons to "burn out." Because neurons make up the networks connecting different sections of the brain, when they start to burn out, the reactions of these pathways might slow down noticeably. Heavy drinking not only damages pathways but also damages brain matter. People who are addicted to alcohol frequently have "brain shrinkage," which is a decrease in the volume of grey matter and white matter in the brain over time.

2. Heart

The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood arteries. The heart pumps blood across the body via these blood channels, which include arteries, capillaries, and veins. Alcohol gets directly into the bloodstream mostly through the stomach and small intestine and is delivered to all regions of the body.

Alcohol has an effect on the cardiovascular system. Alcohol can induce a brief increase in heart rate and blood pressure when consumed. Long-term, excessive drinking can result in an elevated heart rate, high blood pressure, weakening heart muscle, and irregular heartbeat. All of these factors can raise the risk of an alcohol-related heart attack or stroke. Tachycardia can be caused by heavy drinking on a frequent basis, according to studies (increased heart rate due to problems in the electrical signals that produce a heartbeat). Blood pressure is a measurement of the force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels. When the blood pumps through the arteries with more force than usual, it is called high blood pressure. A single drink of alcohol can produce a momentary elevation in blood pressure, and drinking alcohol in excess of the national standards on a frequent basis can lead to alcohol-caused hypertension.

3. Liver

One alcoholic beverage takes the body around one hour to metabolize. With each drink, the time window increases. At any given time, the liver can only metabolise a particular amount of alcohol. When a person consumes too much alcohol, the alcohol that is not metabolised by the liver circulates in the bloodstream. People become inebriated when the alcohol in their blood starts to influence their hearts and brain. Chronic alcohol misuse destroys liver cells, resulting in liver scarring (cirrhosis), alcoholic hepatitis, and cellular mutations that can lead to liver cancer. The liver is responsible for breaking down the majority of the alcohol you consume so that it may be excreted from your body. As a result, compounds that are even more dangerous than alcohol are created. These compounds have the potential to harm liver cells, resulting in significant liver disease. Alcohol is responsible for four out of every five deaths due to liver disease.

Fatty liver (steatosis), inflammation of the liver (hepatitis), acute alcoholic hepatitis, scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), liver failure, and death are all examples of liver disease caused by alcohol.